Which pair of processes are involved in the acquisition of phobias and also the tendency of phobias to show a high resistance to extinction

A)  classical and operant conditioning 
B)  positive and negative reinforcement 
C)  operant conditioning and observation learning 
D)  reinforcement and punishment

Classical conditioning is involved in the acquisition of phobias, where a neutral stimulus (such as a spider) becomes associated with a negative experience (such as a spider bite), resulting in a fear response. Operant conditioning is involved in the tendency of phobias to show a high resistance to extinction, where avoidance behaviors are reinforced by negative reinforcement (the reduction or removal of a negative stimulus, such as anxiety), making it difficult to extinguish the fear response.