Which organisms represent an early stage in primary succession?

A) pine trees
B) mosses and lichens on bare rock
C) weedy annual plants in an open field
D) ferns
E) deciduous trees

Primary Succession

A new community becomes established in an area where there was previously no soil.

Mosses And Lichens

These are diverse groups of non-vascular and composite organisms, respectively, that thrive in moist environments. Mosses are small, green, non-vascular plants, while lichens are symbiotic associations between fungi and photosynthetic algae or cyanobacteria.

Bare Rock

Exposed rock surfaces without soil or vegetation cover, often seen in extreme environments or as a result of land degradation.