Which of the following was related to an increase in father-absent homes?

A) nonmarital births
B) cohabiting
C) both nonmarital births and cohabiting
D) neither nonmarital births nor cohabiting

Both nonmarital births and cohabiting have been related to an increase in father-absent homes. Nonmarital births refer to the birth of a child to unmarried parents, while cohabiting refers to a couple living together without being married. Both situations can result in the father not being present in the child's life, leading to an increase in father-absent homes.