Which of the following statements is false?

A) The Standard Oil trust forced its rivals out of business.
B) The Clayton Act expressly exempted labor unions from prosecution under the Sherman Act.
C) The judge in the Microsoft case concluded that the company used anticompetitive means to maintain a monopoly for its PC operating system software.
D) The rule of reason originated in the ALCOA case of 1945.

Clayton Act

A U.S. antitrust law enacted in 1914, aimed at promoting fair competition and preventing monopolies by prohibiting certain types of anti-competitive practices.

Sherman Act

A landmark federal statute in the field of United States antitrust law aimed at preserving competitive markets by prohibiting monopolies and other business practices that hinder competition.

Standard Oil Trust

A historically significant corporation that monopolized the oil industry in the United States through the aggressive consolidation of competing enterprises.