Which of the following skills is not a part of the formal operational stage of cognitive development?

A) abstract thinking
B) logical thinking
C) images of ideal circumstances
D) All of these are a part of the formal operational stage.

Formal Operational

The final stage in Piaget’s theory of cognitive development, characterized by the ability to think abstractly, reason logically, and use deductive reasoning.

Abstract Thinking

The capability to understand concepts that are real, such as freedom or love, which are not directly tied to concrete physical reality.

Logical Thinking

The process of reasoning that involves clear, consistent, and systematic steps to arrive at a conclusion.