Which of the following risk factors contribute to complications of immobility? (Select all that apply. )

A) Paralysis
B) Traction
C) Arterial insufficiency
D) Incontinence
E) Constipation

Assess for risk factors that contribute to complications of immobility.Increased risk factors require the patient to be repositioned more frequently.Paralysis impairs movement;muscle tone changes and sensation is affected.Because of difficulty in moving and poor awareness of the involved body part,the patient is unable to protect and position the body part for self.Traction,bone fractures,surgery,or arthritic changes of the affected extremity result in decreased ROM.Decreased circulation predisposes the patient to pressure ulcers.Premature and young infants require frequent turning because their skin is fragile.Normal physiological changes associated with aging predispose older adults to greater risks for developing complications of immobility.Constipation is not a risk factor for immobility.