Which of the following is NOT true?

A) Bystanders often do not perceive a crisis as an emergency.
B) Bystanders fail to help because of basic human callousness.
C) The greater the number of bystanders, the less likely it is that anyone will come forward to help the victim of a crisis situation.
D) all of the above.

While it is true that bystanders often do not perceive a crisis as an emergency and that the greater the number of bystanders, the less likely it is that anyone will come forward to help the victim of a crisis situation, it is not true that bystanders fail to help because of basic human callousness. In fact, there are many factors that can influence bystander intervention, including fear of personal harm, diffusion of responsibility, and uncertainty about how to help.