Which of the following is not one of the items included in the formula for classical test theory?

A) Raw score
B) Random error
C) True score
D) Standard score

Classical Test Theory

A theory of psychological measurement that assumes each test score reflects a true score and a random error component.

Standard Score

A statistical measure that indicates how many standard deviations an element is from the mean of its distribution.

Raw Score

The initial, unadjusted score obtained directly from a test or assessment before any transformations or normative comparisons.