Which of the following is necessary to maintain a balanced (stable) ecosystem?

A) Matter (i.e., elements) has to cycle.
B) There must be an outside energy source.
C) Various populations of producers and consumers must be proportional.
D) Energy must be allowed to flow through the ecosystem.
E) All of the answer choices describe necessary factors for maintaining a balanced ecosystem.

Stable Ecosystem

An ecosystem that remains relatively constant in its composition of species and the transfer of energy over time, demonstrating resilience to disturbances.

Balanced Ecosystem

An ecological state where natural systems are in harmony, with stable populations and sustainable interactions among organisms and their environment.

Matter Cycle

The movement and exchange of organic and inorganic matter back into the production of living matter, involving processes like the carbon and nitrogen cycles.