Which of the following is defined as "an alteration in body functions resulting in a reduction of capacities or a shortening of the normal life span"?

A) Illness
B) Disease
C) Acute illness
D) Chronic illness

A disease refers to an alteration in body functions that reduces capacities or shortens the normal life span, regardless of whether or not there are accompanying symptoms. An illness, on the other hand, refers to the subjective experience of symptoms and suffering that may or may not be related to a disease. Acute and chronic illnesses refer to the duration of the illness, with acute illnesses lasting a short time and chronic illnesses lasting a long time.