Which of the following is a good measure of how well the union-management negotiation process works?

A) the need for government intervention
B) the duration of contract negotiations
C) the use of mediation and arbitration
D) the outcome of member ratification votes
E) all of the above

Union-Management Negotiation

The process in which labor union representatives and company management discuss and agree on workplace conditions, wages, and policies.

Mediation

A form of alternative dispute resolution where a neutral third party helps disputants come to a consensus on their own.

Arbitration

A method of resolving disputes outside of court where an impartial third party delivers a conclusive judgement to settle a disagreement between parties.