Which of the following early developmental factors has been associated with risk of heart disease in adulthood

A)  low birth weight
B)  gestational diabetes 
C)  maternal stress
D)  heroin exposure

Low birth weight has been associated with increased risk of heart disease in adulthood. Studies have shown that low birth weight is a marker for fetal growth restriction, which may lead to changes in the structure and function of the heart, as well as other organs like the kidneys and blood vessels. Gestational diabetes, maternal stress, and heroin exposure may also have negative effects on fetal development, but they are not as strongly associated with increased risk of heart disease in adulthood.