Which of the following can result in an altered state of consciousness?

A) meditation
B) hypnosis
C) sleep
D) all of the above

All of the above (meditation, hypnosis, sleep) can result in an altered state of consciousness. During meditation, the individual is typically in a relaxed state and may experience a sense of detachment from their surroundings. Hypnosis involves inducing a trance-like state in which the individual is highly suggestible and may experience changes in perception and memory. During sleep, the brain undergoes various stages of activity and the individual may experience vivid dreams or altered perceptions upon waking.