Which motivation theory is based on the idea that work effort is directed toward behaviors that people believe will lead to desired outcomes?

A) Equity Theory
B) ERG Theory
C) Goal Setting Theory
D) The Four-drive Theory
E) Expectancy Theory

Expectancy Theory is based on the belief that an individual's effort is directed towards behaviors that they believe will lead to a desired outcome. It suggests that individuals are motivated when they believe that their effort will result in high performance, which in turn will result in a desired outcome or reward. The theory proposes that there are three key elements to motivation: expectancy, instrumentality, and valence.