Which experiences are most likely to precipitate PTSD? (Select all that apply) .

A) A young adult bungee jumped from a bridge with a best friend.
B) An 8-year-old child watched an R-rated movie with both parents.
C) An adolescent was kidnapped and held for 2 years in the home of a sexual predator.
D) A passenger was in a bus that overturned on a sharp curve and tumbled down an embankment.
E) An adult was trapped for 3 hours at an angle in an elevator after a portion of the supporting cable breaks.

PTSD usually occurs after a traumatic event that is outside the range of usual experience. Examples are childhood physical abuse, torture/kidnap, military combat, sexual assault, and natural disasters, such as floods, tornados, earthquakes, tsunamis; human disasters, such as a bus or elevator accident; or crime-related events, such being taken hostage. The common element in these experiences is the individual's extraordinary helplessness or powerlessness in the face of such stressors. Bungee jumps by adolescents are part of the developmental task and might be frightening, but in an exhilarating way rather than a harmful way. A child may be disturbed by an R-rated movie, but the presence of the parents would modify the experience in a positive way.