When Barbara asks her father why she is not allowed to play in the street,he says,"Because I say so,and if you don't do what I say,you will get a spanking." This illustrates the ______________ style of parenting.

A) permissive
B) authoritarian
C) authoritative
D) longitudinal

The father's statement indicates an authoritarian style of parenting, which is characterized by a strict, rule-based approach and a focus on obedience to authority figures. This style often involves little explanation or discussion of rules and consequences, instead relying on the authority figure's power to enforce compliance. The permissive style allows children to have a lot of freedom and few rules or expectations, while the authoritative style emphasizes clear rules and expectations coupled with open communication and reasoning for those rules. The longitudinal style relates to the study of individuals or groups over an extended period of time.