When actual reserves = required reserves,excess reserves = _____;when required reserves are greater than actual reserves,excess reserves are _____.

Actual Reserves

The sum of money a bank holds in its vault or with the central bank, ready to satisfy withdrawal requests or comply with regulatory obligations.

Required Reserves

The minimum amount of funds that a bank must hold in reserve against deposits, as mandated by monetary authorities.

Excess Reserves

The reserves that banks hold over and above the legally mandated minimum to meet withdrawal demands.