When 12-year-old Jamilah saw an old man lying on the sidewalk,he prepared to offer help.But when he noticed several adults walk past the man,he concluded that the man did not need any help.His reaction most clearly illustrates one of the dynamics involved in

A) social exchange theory.
B) the reciprocity norm.
C) social-responsibility norm.
D) the bystander effect.

Bystander Effect

A social psychological phenomenon where individuals are less likely to offer help to a victim when other people are present.

Social-Responsibility Norm

A societal rule that people should help those who need assistance, even if doing so is costly.

Social Exchange Theory

A theory suggesting that social behavior is the result of an exchange process aiming to maximize benefits and minimize costs.