What is the difference between deductive and inductive reasoning? Give an example of each.

Deductive reasoning is a logical process in which a conclusion is derived from a set of premises or statements. It involves moving from a general principle to a specific conclusion. In deductive reasoning, if the premises are true, then the conclusion must also be true. An example of deductive reasoning is:

Premise 1: All humans are mortal.
Premise 2: Socrates is a human.
Conclusion: Therefore, Socrates is mortal.

Inductive reasoning, on the other hand, involves making generalizations based on specific observations. It is a process of reasoning in which the premises of an argument support the conclusion but do not ensure its truth. An example of inductive reasoning is:

Observation 1: Every time I eat peanuts, I get a rash.
Observation 2: Peanuts contain allergens.
Conclusion: Therefore, I am allergic to peanuts.

In summary, deductive reasoning moves from general principles to specific conclusions, while inductive reasoning moves from specific observations to general conclusions.