What has a direct effect on decreasing biodiversity? 

A)  non-native species introduction 
B)  moderate environmental disturbances 
C)  middle stages of succession 
D)  physically diverse habitats

Biodiversity

The variety and variability of life forms within a given ecosystem, region, or the entire planet, crucial for ecological balance and resilience.

Non-native Species

Organisms that have been introduced into an environment where they are not historically found, often causing disruption to local ecosystems.

Environmental Disturbances

Events or changes that disrupt ecosystem, community, or population structures, potentially leading to significant alterations in habitat or biodiversity.