What functions do nonspecific and specific immunity serve, and why are both necessary?​

A. Nonspecific immune responses occur as a general response to all invading bacteria, viruses, fungi, and other foreign particles.
1. The processes include
a. Phagocytosis, a type of attack in which the invaders are engulfed and killed by targeting foreign particles.
b. Inflammation, a complex response that acts to restore tissue that has been damaged through the increase of blood flow, release of enzymes, and migration of cells that attack invaders (granulocytes and macrophages).
2. These immune system responses occur to all invaders and do not depend on contact with each invader for mobilization of the response.
B. Specific immune response occurs as a result of the immune system's contact with invaders, tailoring cells that can kill specific invaders.
1. This process occurs when
a. T-cells are sensitized by contact with invaders.
b. B-cells differentiate into plasma cells that secrete antibodies that circulate in the blood, find the antigen that provoked their manufacture, bind to the antigens, and mark them for future destruction. The remnants of these antibodies can produce immunity to the antigens for years.
2. These immune system responses occur as a result of contact with specific invaders and are tailored to protect against them.
C. Both types of immune responses are necessary to combat the variety of bacteria, viruses, fungi and other foreign particles that threaten the body.