What are the symptoms of major depressive disorder?

Major Depressive Disorder (MDD), also known simply as depression, is a mental health disorder characterized by a persistent feeling of sadness and a lack of interest in activities that one normally enjoys. The symptoms of MDD can be psychological, physical, and social. To be diagnosed with MDD, these symptoms must be present most of the day, nearly every day, for at least two weeks, and they must represent a change from previous functioning. Here are some of the common symptoms associated with Major Depressive Disorder:

Psychological Symptoms:
1. Persistent feelings of sadness, hopelessness, or emptiness
2. Loss of interest or pleasure in hobbies and activities (anhedonia)
3. Feelings of worthlessness or excessive guilt
4. Difficulty thinking, concentrating, or making decisions
5. Irritability or frustration, even over small matters
6. Recurrent thoughts of death or suicide, or suicide attempts

Physical Symptoms:
1. Changes in appetite (either increased or decreased)
2. Weight loss or gain unrelated to dieting
3. Insomnia or hypersomnia (sleeping too much)
4. Fatigue or loss of energy
5. Psychomotor agitation (restlessness) or retardation (slowed movements and speech)
6. Unexplained aches or pains, headaches, cramps, or digestive problems

Social Symptoms:
1. Withdrawal from social situations and normal activities
2. Reduced performance at work or school
3. Difficulty maintaining relationships with friends and family

It's important to note that the severity and frequency of these symptoms can vary from person to person. Some individuals may experience only a few symptoms, while others may experience many. Additionally, the intensity of the symptoms can change over time.

If you or someone you know is experiencing symptoms of Major Depressive Disorder, it is important to seek help from a healthcare professional. Depression is a treatable condition, and a combination of medication, therapy, and lifestyle changes can be effective in managing the symptoms.