What are some of the issues raised in the text concerning different types of adoption.

Transracial adoptions: Opponents feel that children adopted by parents of a different race/ethnicity (especially black children adopted by white parents)will be "alienated from their culture" and will not be provided with the skills they need to deal with racism and discrimination.Open and Closed Adoption: Traditionally,adoption was closed,all information about the adoption was kept confidential,and birth parents had no contact with the adoptive parents and children.The positive aspects of this is that the biological parent(s)can move on with their lives,especially if the pregnancy was the result of a traumatic experience,and the adoptive parents do not have to worry about interference from the biological parent(s).However,a drawback to closed adoptions is that parents do not know the medical histories of their children,and children,since they lack information about the birth parent(s),may feel like they were abandoned by their birth parent(s).Some states are moving to open adoption,where information is shared and contact is maintained between birth and adoptive parents.However,the costs of this approach is that all three parties may be disappointed if the others do not live up to their expectations.Also,many biological mothers feel that open adoptions violate their right to privacy.Adoption by same sex partners: an increasing percentage of Americans favor adoption by gays and lesbians.Despite growing approval,U.S.adoption laws vary from state to state regading joint adoption when two unmarried parents adopt a child together at the same time.For example,in Utah,only heterosexual parents can adopt.In Arkansas,no unmarried adults can adopt.However,many adoption agencies have placed children with gay or lesbian parents because of the belief that having a loving and responsible family is more important than the parents' sexual orientation.International adoption: Many couples adopt internationally since the waiting period is less than in the United States.However,international adoption has been decreasing as countries have fewer abandoned babies (China),are encouraging domestic adoption (Russia,Ukraine,South Korea),or are limiting adoption to the US because of instances of parental abuse or growing anti-American sentiment (Russia).