R&D Expenditures

Research and Development (R&D) Expenditures refer to the funds allocated by businesses or governments towards the investigation and development of new products, processes, or services.

Scientific Research

The systematic investigation into and study of materials and sources in order to establish facts and reach new conclusions, typically involving controlled experiments or observational studies.

U.S. Business Firms

Companies operating within the United States, engaged in commercial, industrial, or professional activities.