The three characteristics of the contingency approach are a multivariate approach, an open-system perspective, and a practical research orientation.

Contingency Approach

A management theory that suggests the best way to manage an organization depends on the specific circumstances and factors affecting it.

Multivariate Approach

A method in research or analysis that involves multiple variables to understand and interpret complex relationships and outcomes.

Open-System Perspective

A viewpoint in organizational theory that considers an organization as an entity that interacts with its external environment.