The theory that assumes that collective action results from the disruption or breakdown of traditional norms,expectations,and patterns of behavior is called:

A) resource mobilization theory
B) political opportunities theory
C) social control theory
D) breakdown theory
E) breakup theory

The breakdown theory suggests that collective action and social movements arise when traditional norms, expectations, and patterns of behavior are disrupted or broken down. This disruption can be caused by a variety of factors, such as economic crises, political instability, or technological innovations that create new opportunities and challenges. The breakdown theory emphasizes the importance of social and cultural context in explaining collective action and social change, and it highlights the role of social networks, organizations, and leadership in mobilizing people for collective action. Resource mobilization theory and political opportunities theory also offer different explanations for collective action, but they focus more on the role of resources, strategies, and political opportunities in shaping social movements. Social control theory, on the other hand, seeks to explain why people conform to dominant norms and values, rather than why they engage in collective action. Finally, there is no such thing as the "breakup theory" in sociology or political science.