The ______ reacted to the collapse of the closed social system of the city-states by offering advice to individuals in what for them was a crumbling world.

A) Stoics
B) Romans
C) English
D) French

Closed Social System

describes a society or social group that is relatively isolated from outside influences and changes, with strict limits on social mobility and interactions.

City-States

Independent, self-governed cities that function as individual political entities, historically common in ancient Greece and Italy.

Crumbling World

A metaphor describing a state of decline or disrepair, often used to highlight issues in society, the environment, or global stability.