The patient is being seen for chronic back pain.The patient states,"I'm always in pain,and I don't like taking the pain medication because it makes me sleepy.I have to work to support my family." The nurse is aware that this patient may be a candidate for cutaneous stimulation.Cutaneous stimulation includes which of the following? (Select all that apply.)

A) TENS unit
B) NSAIDs
C) Massage
D) Yoga
E) Ice bags

Cutaneous stimulation of the skin helps to relieve pain.A massage,warm bath,ice bag,and transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS)are simple ways to reduce pain perception.How cutaneous stimulation works is unclear,but it may cause release of endorphins,thus blocking transmission of painful stimuli.NSAIDs are nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs that can help relieve chronic back pain through pharmaceutical therapy.Yoga is used as a diversional or holistic therapy.