The patient in the intensive care unit has developed a urinary tract infection related to the indwelling urinary catheter.Which of the following best describes this type of infection?

A) Nosocomial
B) Healthcare associated
C) Multidrug-resistant organisms (MDRO)
D) Unavoidable occurrence

Nosocomial infections refer specifically to hospital-acquired infections.Healthcare-associated infections (HAIs)refer to infections associated with healthcare given in any setting (hospitals,long-term care facilities); however,nosocomial is more specific.A multi-drug-resistant organism (MDRO)is a bacterium that is resistant to many antibiotics.Examples of MDROs include methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA)and vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus (VRE).Indwelling urinary catheters are needed in many circumstances,and might be unavoidable in that sense.However,the infection itself is not unavoidable because it can be prevented in most instances with meticulous nursing care.Therefore "unavoidable occurrence" is an incorrect option.