The nurse suspects that an older adult patient may have difficulty hearing.What strategies will the nurse use in communicating with this patient until he is certain that there is hearing loss? Select all that apply.

A) Look directly at the patient when speaking
B) Speak more slowly than usual
C) Speak loudly toward the patient's ears
D) Allow some extra time for the patient to respond

Many normal changes of aging affect communication with older adults.For example,they tend to process information more slowly,so speak slowly and allow time for the patient to form an answer.Check for sensory deficits at the beginning of your interaction.Until you know there is no hearing deficit,look at the patient as you speak to allow for lip reading.However,do not assume that all older adults are deaf or that they do not understand the meaning of your communication.And remember to speak slowly,not loudly.