The nurse is working on a medical-surgical unit that has been participating in a research project associated with pressure injuries.The nurse recognizes that the risk factors that predispose a patient to pressure injury development include which of the following?

A) A diet low in calories and fat.
B) Alteration in level of consciousness.
C) Shortness of breath.
D) Muscular pain.

Patients who are confused or disoriented or who have changing levels of consciousness are unable to protect themselves.The patient may feel the pressure but may not understand what to do to relieve the discomfort or to communicate that he or she is feeling discomfort.Impaired sensory perception,impaired mobility,shear,friction,and moisture are other predisposing factors.Shortness of breath,muscular pain,and a diet low in calories and fat are not among the predisposing factors.