The nurse is caring for several patients who require oxygen therapy.The nurse anticipates an order for noninvasive positive-pressure ventilation (NIPPV) for the patients with which diagnoses? (Select all that apply. )

A) Pulmonary edema
B) Obstructive sleep apnea
C) Stroke with dysphagia
D) Congestive heart failure

In the cardiac patient,noninvasive positive-pressure ventilation (NIPPV)reduces pulmonary edema because the increased alveolar pressure forces interstitial fluid out of the lungs and back into the pulmonary circulation.In patients who retain carbon dioxide,such as with obstructive sleep apnea,NIPPV keeps the airway open and prevents upper airway collapse.In selected patients,such as those with postpolio syndrome and other neuromuscular diseases,congestive heart failure,sleep disorders,and pulmonary diseases,NIPPV is often the treatment of choice in supporting ventilation without the hazards associated with endotracheal intubation.NIPPV is contraindicated in patients at high risk for aspiration,as after a stroke with dysphagia.