The following is a reason for an apparent lack of benefit from a screening program:

A) The available treatments are not effective even when administered early in the disease progression.
B) The clinical phase of disease is long and usually ends with the death of the patient.
C) The usual diagnosis of disease happens very late in the disease progression.
D) The preclinical phase of disease is very long.
E) The current therapies are very effective when administered in the preclinical phase of disease.

Preclinical Phase

The stage of research that begins before clinical trials (testing in humans) can commence, involving in vitro (test tube or cell culture) and in vivo (animal) experimentation.

Clinical Phase

refers to any of the stages of rigorous tests that an experimental drug, therapy, or medical device goes through to determine its safety, efficacy, and side effects before being approved for widespread use.

Disease Progression

The process by which a disease advances in severity, complexity, or extent over time, potentially leading to worsening symptoms or the development of complications.