The concept of ______ refers to differences between statistics calculated from a sample and statistics pertaining to the population from which the sample is drawn.

A) sampling error
B) probability
C) random factors
D) statistical error

Sampling Error

Refers to the difference between the population parameter and the sample statistic due to the fact that the sample is not a perfect representation of the population.

Statistical Error

The difference between a measured or observed value and the true value, often arising from sampling or measurement limitations.

Random Factors

Variables in an experiment that are randomly varied to assess their incidental effects on the outcome, as opposed to systematically manipulated factors.