The best evidence that animals develop cognitive maps comes from studies of

A) modeling.
B) instinctive drift.
C) latent learning.
D) biological constraints.

Studies of latent learning have provided the best evidence that animals develop cognitive maps. Latent learning refers to learning that occurs without any obvious reinforcement or motivation, and can only be revealed when there is a motivational factor present. Studies have shown that animals can store and use cognitive maps to navigate through their environment, even if they are not given any immediate reward or reinforcement for their actions. This suggests that animals have an internal representation of their environment, which is a key component of cognitive mapping.