The author argues that an integrated definition of deviant behavior must focus on

A) the deviant behavior itself.
B) the deviant label.
C) the methods of sociologists.
D) both deviant behavior and the deviant label.

An integrated definition of deviant behavior must focus on both the deviant behavior and the deviant label. This is because deviant behavior is not inherently deviant; it is society that determines what is considered deviant. Therefore, understanding the deviant label is crucial in defining deviant behavior. Conversely, the deviant label is also influenced by the behavior itself, so understanding the behavior is equally important in defining it as deviant.