Studies of latent learning conclude that:

A) drive reduction is necessary for learning to occur
B) reinforcement is necessary for learning to occur
C) incentives are necessary for learning that has occurred to become apparent
D) incentives are necessary for learning to occur

Latent learning refers to learning that occurs without any noticeable change in behavior. Studies have found that incentives or motivation play a role in whether or not this learning becomes apparent or evident in behavior. In other words, the presence of an incentive may influence the manifestation or expression of learned behavior, but it is not necessary for the actual learning to occur. Therefore, option C - incentives are necessary for learning that has occurred to become apparent - is the best choice.