Studies of context and speech perception have shown all of the following phenomena EXCEPT ______.

A) subjects use context to mentally restore missing phonemes
B) subjects use context to understand mispronounced words
C) subjects use visual context to discriminate similar phonemes such as "ba" and "da" when the physical sound is ambiguous
D) subjects notice a discrepancy when they hear the sound "ba" pronounced but the visual cue is consistent with a different phoneme ("da")

Studies of context and speech perception have indeed shown that subjects can use context to mentally restore missing phonemes, understand mispronounced words, and use visual context to discriminate similar phonemes. However, the phenomenon where subjects do not notice a discrepancy between the heard sound and the visual cue (known as the McGurk effect) contradicts choice D. In the McGurk effect, the visual information can actually alter the perception of the sound, leading subjects to report hearing a third, different phoneme, rather than noticing a discrepancy.