Smoking cigarettes,using excessive amounts of alcohol and drugs,having a poor diet,and lacking exercise represent what kind of cause of illness and death?

A) human-environmental
B) lifestyle
C) public health
D) religious
E) health care system

Lifestyle choices such as smoking cigarettes, excessive alcohol and drug use, poor diet, and lack of exercise can lead to chronic illnesses such as heart disease, cancer, and diabetes which are major causes of death. Public health and the healthcare system also play a role in preventing and treating these illnesses, but lifestyle choices have a significant impact on overall health outcomes. Religious beliefs may influence lifestyle choices, but they are not the direct cause of illness and death.