Sasha believes that the questions on school tests are so unrelated to course work that studying is useless. Sasha's belief most clearly illustrates

A) reciprocal determinism.
B) the false consensus effect.
C) an external locus of control.
D) the spotlight effect.

Sasha's belief that studying is useless implies that she feels that external factors such as the questions on school tests are beyond her control and determine her academic success. This is indicative of an external locus of control, which is the belief that outcomes are largely determined by external forces rather than one's own actions.