Research in the field of psychoneuroimmunology has found evidence that immune function can be decreased by​

A) ​examination stress for medical school students.
B) ​caring for somebody with Alzheimer's disease.
C) ​relationship conflict affecting married couples.
D) ​all of these.

Psychoneuroimmunology

An interdisciplinary field studying the interaction between psychological processes, the nervous system, and the immune system.

Examination Stress

The anxiety, tension, or fear experienced before or during academic tests or examinations, often affecting performance.

Immune Function

The collective activities and capabilities of the immune system to recognize and fight foreign substances, infections, and diseases.