Relieving guilt through self-punishment is one of the motives for

A) bipolar disorder.
B) rumination.
C) nonsuicidal self-injury.
D) mania.

Relieving guilt through self-punishment is a common motive for nonsuicidal self-injury. This behavior involves intentionally injuring oneself without the intention of committing suicide. People who engage in nonsuicidal self-injury often report using it as a coping mechanism for difficult emotions, including guilt.