Of the following pairs,which pair contains two data-collection techniques that are most likely to involve direct contact between the researcher and the research participant

A)  direct observation and interviews 
B)  questionnaires and interviews 
C)  archival research and questionnaires 
D)  archival research and psychological testing

Direct observation and interviews are both data collection techniques that involve direct contact between the researcher and the research participant. Direct observation involves the researcher physically observing the participant, while interviews involve the researcher asking the participant questions and engaging in a conversation with them. In contrast, questionnaires and archival research can be completed without direct contact with the participant, and psychological testing may or may not involve direct contact depending on the specific test being used.