______ of crime and of being victimized by crime are key influences in criminal justice policy making and in the promotion of punitive policies.

A) Fear
B) Justification
C) Causes
D) Factors

Fear of Crime

A psychological state sparked by perceived risk or danger of being a victim of crime, affecting individual and community behavior and attitudes.

Criminal Justice Policy

Guidelines and laws that govern the operation of the criminal justice system, including law enforcement, courts, and corrections.

Punitive Policies

Laws or regulations that are mainly designed to punish individuals or entities for wrongdoing.