_______________________________ occurs when all trade barriers between countries are removed to allow consumers and produces to benefit from specialization and economies of scale.

Trade Barriers

Measures imposed by governments to restrict or control the flow of goods and services across borders, affecting international trade.

Specialization

The process of focusing on and becoming expert in a specific area of work, study, or business, often leading to increased efficiency and productivity.

Economies of Scale

Cost advantages obtained due to the scale of operation, with cost per unit of output generally decreasing with increasing scale.