Melzack's view that neurons in the spine can simultaneously transmit only a limited amount of information, so that stimulation of neurons from many regions can limit the perception of pain in one region is called gate theory of pain.

Gate Theory of Pain

A theory suggesting that pain signals passing through the spinal cord can be blocked or moderated by gates in the spinal cord, influenced by other peripheral sensory signals and the brain.

Neurons

Specialized cells of the nervous system that transmit signals to different parts of the body, serving as the building blocks of the nervous system.