Learned helplessness is defined as

A) the sense of controlling our environment.
B) the passive resignation that accompanies an inability to avoid repeated aversive events.
C) the ability to control impulses and delay short-term gratification for greater long-term rewards.
D) a method of alleviating stress using emotional,cognitive,or behavioral methods.

Learned helplessness refers to the passive resignation that accompanies an inability to avoid repeated aversive events. It was first discovered by psychologist Martin Seligman in the 1960s, who found that dogs who were repeatedly exposed to an electric shock without a way of escaping eventually gave up trying to avoid or escape the shock, even when the opportunity was presented. This phenomenon has since been observed in humans as well, particularly those who have experienced trauma, abuse, or chronic stress.