Kareem laughs whenever his neck is touched. Now before touching his neck, his mommy says "gotcha." Pretty soon, as soon as she says "gotcha," Kareem starts to laugh. This is an example of

A) habituation learning.
B) classical conditioning.
C) sensitization learning.
D) operant conditioning.

This is an example of classical conditioning, where Kareem has learned to associate the word "gotcha" with the sensation of his neck being touched, leading to laughter. This process involves pairing a neutral stimulus (the word "gotcha") with an unconditioned stimulus (touching the neck) that naturally produces an unconditioned response (laughter). Over time, the neutral stimulus alone can elicit the conditioned response (laughter), demonstrating classical conditioning.