__________ is Robert Rescorla's viewpoint that suggests that learning occurs only when a conditioned stimulus (CS) provides information about an unconditioned stimulus (US) .

A) Consistency paradox
B) Contingency theory
C) Contact hypothesis
D) Conflict theory

Robert Rescorla's viewpoint is known as the contingency theory. It suggests that learning only occurs when a conditioned stimulus (CS) is reliably predictive of an unconditioned stimulus (US). In other words, the CS must provide information about the occurrence of the US for conditioning to take place. This idea contradicts the consistency paradox, which suggests that learning occurs more when the CS and US are always paired, regardless of the predictability of the relationship between them. The contact hypothesis is a social psychology concept, and conflict theory is a sociological perspective.