Ion movement across the plasma membrane creates an electrical charge difference known as ________.

A) membrane potential
B) extracellular glycocalyx
C) respiration
D) transcription
E) osmosis

Membrane Potential

The voltage difference across a cell's membrane, crucial for the function of excitable cells like neurons and muscle cells.

Extracellular Glycocalyx

A complex carbohydrate-rich layer that coats the outer surface of cells, playing key roles in cell-cell interactions and protection.

Transcription

The process by which the genetic information in DNA is copied to RNA, leading to protein synthesis.